Telescope-sight for airships and flying-machines.



' 0. GRAUHEDING. TELESCOPE SIGHT FOR AIRSHlPS AND FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR-12.1915.

- Patented Feb. 27,1917

\A/ITIJESSE W a w k H W W? 0 GRAUHEQING. TELESCOPE SIGHT ron AIBSHIPS'AND FLYING MACHINES. APPLICATION HLEU MAR. 12, 1915. 1,217,169 4 Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

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0 GRAUHEDING TELESCOPE SIGHT FOR AIRSHIPS AND FLYING MACHINES.

MTNESSES APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12, 1915- Patented Feb. 27, 1917 NVENTD reprtsented'sonie ing niaehine is spectirely, trout, top

Application filed March 12, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I. ()suAn (imi'nnmxn. wigineer. a suhjeet of the German llinperor. residing atiii Fiselierstrasse.

(.iernianv. have invented eertain new and usel'ul linproveun-nts in' 'lieleseo ii -Sights tor Ail-ships and Firing-hiaehines: and I do herein deizlare the following to he a full. clear. and exaet deseription ot' the invention. suel'l as will enahle others skilled in the art. to whieh it apperlains to make and use the same.

My invention reates to improvements in telescope sights o'l' the kind deserihed in nrv U. t. latent,lflll-l-l-ifi' and in my i St. Patent No. 1.127.230. ln telesi'ol'ie sightso'i' this kind a movable disk or plate. is provided with a fixed marking line with whieh may be brought. to intersection a eurve arranged on' another disk or plate.

'Aeunrding to my present invention su'eh a teleseope sight is improved so as to he adapted for aiming 'lrorn air ships or thing lnachil'ies at targets to he throw-n at by shells. in order to hit the target the shells must nothe. thrown oli' ii the. air ex'aetl) above this ease the shell having the forward veloc ity ol the flying inaohine or-the air ship would not. fall on the target but at a certain distance tl'ierel'ron-i depending on the veloeit and on the height of the air ship or fly ing nnn'zhiue.

.-'\eeordiug to in present disk lnovahle relatively to the fixed marking line is provided with eur ves ((Hl'tSPfilHliil}; to the dill'erent heights and to the dil'l'erent velocities of the air ship or the flying inaehine so that hy adjusting the iuterseeting point. of one. of the said euri'es eon-respondin to the actual height and \eloe-ity oi" the lnaehiue with the. fixed marking line into the line oi sight. the target eoineiding with the said. iuterseeting'poiiit is hit thrown ofl' in this moment.

(in the aeeoimnu'rving drawings .I'have einhodimmlts of my inventlon. Figure 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a plan view ot' a teleseomvsight eonstruetui aeeordi'ug to my present invention. Fig. 3 is a front view and l igrl shows the disk provided with eurizes in its relation to the fixed marking line. Figs 5. (l and 7 are, reand side views of a the target as in invention the Dusseldorf;

-',lhe. disk 1 is in orderto he hit by a shell fixed line b of the disk. .2.

by the shell Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented FebLZF, 1917. Serial No. 14,008.

modified form of telescope constructed in disk or plate 1 is rotatable relatively to a fixed disk or plate 2 provided with a line 1/. provided with a plurality of small enrres l\ each of \vhieh corresponds to a eertain height of the air ship or flying innehine. These eurves are marked by numbers indieating the flying heights by hundreds so that for illsttljltt the first curve marked with the number 3 is for aflying height of 300 in.

The curves A are so formed that the starting point that is the point at each nearestthe periphery of the disk, with the flying height indieated by the. whole eurve, corresponds to the smallestoeeurring flying \eloeity. For instaneethe starting point a of the lirst eurve when adjusted into the line b fixes the angle of sight in which the target must he aimed .at under a flying height of 300 in. and a veloeity of 15 Ill/506.. thrown otf from an an shipor a flying nnu-hine. whereas theendpoint a of the same eurre fixes the angle of sight tor the same flying heigl'it under the highest oeeurring velocity say for in stanee 25 nL/see. The points ot" the curve between the starting, point and the end point fix the niterme'diate veloeities. I

()t eourse it would he possible to mark these intennediate veloeities on the curves themselves. I prefer however to provide a scale on the ilzlllthVllt'tl 0" by the rotation of whieh the disk 1 is rotated in a well known manner so as to adjust. the eorreet intersecting point of the eorreet eurve A on to the For adjusting the said correct interseet-ing point the disk 1 is at first rotated so as to bring the correct eurve A into the range of vision of the one lar of the teleseope and of the line I)" whereupon the exaet point of interseetiou is obtained by adjusting the scale of the hand wheel a. to. a fixed angles of sight for relatively said seale being marked with the litfei'ent ma rk a the by calculating the transmission between the handwheel a? and the disk 1 so that a complete revolution of the handwheel a causes the disk 1 to move through an angle at the cenlcr. the sides of which pass through the starting points of two neighbor-ed curves A.

In the embodiment of my invention shown by Figs. 1-4 the disk 1 is further provided with two spiral'curves 21 and o for measuring the velocity of the air ship or flying-machine. For this purpose the two spiral curves cooperate also with the fixed line 7; and are so formed, that if the disk 1 is rotated for adjusting one of the curves A into the range of vision the intersecting point between the curves I) and the line 1 are the nearer to a zero point 7) of the latter the greater the flying height indicated by the adjusted curve A is. The distance between the said zero point of theline and each occurring intersecting point of the latter with the curve 7) corresponds to a constant distance of flight, say for instance 400 m.. and the distancebetween the zero point and the intersecting point of the curve If corresponds to another constant distance of flight, say'for instance 200 m.

In order to measure the velocity the curve A corresponding to the flying height of the machine is brought into the range of the line 72 on the earth is aimed at so as to coincide with the zero point of the line b. In continuation of the flight the target or other object aimed at travels fromthe zero point against the curves 7) and 71 and if the moments of its coinciding with the zero point and with one of the curves I) or 7) are marked by a stop watch, the velocity of the machine may be found immediately so that it can be adjusted on the scale of the handwheel a. thereby bringing the exact point of the correct curve A into the line 6 Instead of using one gear for bringing the correct curve A into the range of vision and for adjusting it exactly I may use separated gcars as shown in my above. said Letters Patent No. 1.127.230. The disk or plate 1. may also be constructed shiftable across the range of vision instead of being rotatable.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that after having measured the velocity by means of a stop watch a further manipulation is necessary for adjusting the curve A brought into the range of vision exactly according to the mcas n'cd velocity. In the clnbodil'ncnt shown by Figs. (3 and? this additional manipulation is avoided by an arrangement, by which the exact adjustment of the height-curve is effected during the measuring of the velocity automatically by means of the clock Work of the stop watch. I By means of a worm gear f the curve A corresponding to the height of the air ship or flying machine is brought into the range Then the target or any other object of vision of the telescope. For this purpose the telescope may beconstructed similar to Figs. 6, 7 and 8 of my said Letters Patent No. 1,127,230. The clock work of the stop watch 9 is coupled by means of a bevel gear 0 (Figs. 5 and 7) with the shaft of a worm d engaging the diskl provided with the height-curves.

If after the-adjustment of the disk I by means of the gear 7' the stop watch is started the said disk 1 is further rotated by means of the gear 0, (I, e till the watch is stopped. In this moment the height-curve A previously brought into the range of vision of the telescope coincides exactly by its correct point of velocity with the fixed marking line on the disk 2. It will be seen that it is not difficult to choose the relation of transmission between the clock work and the disk 1 so as to obtain the said result.

lVith the last described embodiment the exact adjustmentof the height curve is obtained automatically by measuring the velocity and if the shell be thrown oil in the moment of stopping the watch the shell must hit the target aimed at for the purpose of measuring the velocity.

I may c nstruct the gear between the clock work of the stop watch and the disk- 1 so that it can be disconnected at any place whereby it will be possible to adjust the disk 1 if desired independently of the stop watch.

'ithout departing from the scope of my invention I may construct the device not as a telescope but in any other manner using for instance plates of opaque ground glass or n'iirrors. Further instead of using a rotatable disk having both kinds of curves or two disks arranged within a rotatable frame I may use one disk having only one sort of curves and being removable so that it may be replaced. by another disk carrying the other sort of curves.

Having thus described my invention. what I claim is:

1. A tclcscope sight for air ships, flying machines and the like comprising a. fixed disk or plate having a line. thereon, and a. movable disk 'or plate having a series of curves corresponding to difl'ercnt. flying heights and velocities of the machine.

A telescope sight for air ships, flying machines and the like comprising a fixed disk or plate having a line thereon. and a. movable disk or date having a scrics of curves corresponding to different flying heights and vclocities'of the machine. and a curve. the/distance of Which front the zer point (an-responds in all positions of the movable disk to a constant distance of'llight.

3. In a tclescopc sight for air ships, flying machincs and the like thecombination of a fixed disk or plate provided with an indicating mark, a movable disk or plate carrying curves corres 'iond'ing todillerent flying m tt" heights and velocities of the inaehine. means for moving! the movable disk to bring one of said curves into the range of the marking line fllld'zltitlitifllltll means for exaetlv :uljusting such enrve relatively to that line.

4. In a telescope sight for air ships. flying machines and the like the combination f a fixed disk or plate. proviileil with a line. a movable disk or plate ('tll'lj'llltl eurres eorresponding to different ll \'in;, heights ainl velocities of the niaehine. means for moving the movable (lisk to hring one of saiil curves into the range of the nan-king line. and a stop wateh and intermediate gearsv connecting the clock work of the wateh with the morahle disk or plate.

5. In a telescope sight for air ships. flying lnaehines and the like the eonihination oi a fixed disk or plate ])l'()\'i(i(?li with a marking line. :1 movable ilisk or plate earr \'in;

enrres eorres mnilingz to ilill'erent flying heights alnl "elocities ol' the niaehin mill :1 enrve. the ilistanee ol' \\'hi"h from the zero point corresponi'ls in all positions of th lnm'ahle ilislc to a eonslant (Iistanee ol' llight. means for lno\'in; the novahle li l to bring saiil eurves into the-range ol' the lllillhlllpj line. a stop wateh. and intermediate gears conneeting the eloek work of the wateh with the inmnlvlo rlisk or plate.

In testimoirv. whereof. I have signerl this specification in the presenee of two Hu scrihing witnesses.

()hKAIt GRAUIIICDING;

\Y itnesses: 

